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The latest update to the Environmental Working Group's tap water database analyzed nearly 50,000 water systems nationwide between 2021 and 2023. The nonprofit identified 324 contaminants in drinking water, many at levels exceeding health-based guidelines.
New York had the highest number in the region with 197 contaminants detected since 2013. New Jersey followed with 131, Pennsylvania with 123, and Connecticut with 120.
Massachusetts recorded the highest in New England with 132 contaminants, while Maryland and Virginia reported 94 and 108, respectively.
"While some of these pollutants exceed federal legal limits, most contaminants are detected in drinking water at levels above stricter health-based standards established by EWG scientists, putting millions of Americans at risk," EWG said.
Despite meeting federal safety standards, many of these water systems still expose millions to hazardous chemicals, heavy metals, and radioactive substances. Scientists warn that outdated regulations fail to reflect new evidence on the health risks of long-term exposure.
Public Concern Over Water Safety Grows
Drinking water safety remains a top environmental concern for Americans. A 2024 Gallup poll said 56 percent of adults said they worry "a great deal" about pollution in the country's drinking water.
An EWG survey in 2022 found that more than half of respondents doubt the safety of their tap water. About 40 percent said they either refuse to drink it or feel unable to use it directly from the faucet.
These concerns are backed by research. A 2019 peer-reviewed study estimated that contaminants in US drinking water contribute to more than 100,000 cancer cases each year. Long-term exposure to chemicals such as PFAS, nitrates, and heavy metals has been linked to cancer, developmental delays, and immune system damage.
What's In The Water?
PFAS, commonly known as "forever chemicals," have been detected in the blood of nearly all Americans. These chemicals do not break down and have been linked to cancer, immune suppression, and fetal harm.
Heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, and chromium-6 contaminate drinking water for millions. Chromium-6, the carcinogen made famous by the Erin Brockovich case, affects more than 250 million Americans.
Disinfection byproducts from water treatment processes have also been linked to cancer and reproductive issues. According to EWG, radioactive elements like radium and uranium have been found in many water systems, sometimes at levels that increase the risk of neurological disorders and organ damage.
Advocates are also calling for stronger state and federal regulations. Eleven states have set stricter PFAS limits despite ongoing efforts to weaken federal protections.
How To Protect Yourself
For those concerned about water quality, EWG's Tap Water Database allows consumers to check their local water supply by entering their zip code. Experts recommend using water filters to reduce exposure, with carbon filters helping remove PFAS, lead, and chlorine, while reverse osmosis systems eliminate heavy metals and other harmful contaminants.
Homeowners with private wells are encouraged to conduct regular water testing, as these sources are not regulated under public safety standards.
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